@font-face {
  font-family: 'Schibsted Grotesk';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: optional;
  src: url(/assets/fonts/schibsted-400-500-600-700-800.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Schibsted Grotesk';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: optional;
  src: url(/assets/fonts/schibsted-400-500-600-700-800.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Schibsted Grotesk';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: optional;
  src: url(/assets/fonts/schibsted-400-500-600-700-800.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Schibsted Grotesk';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: optional;
  src: url(/assets/fonts/schibsted-400-500-600-700-800.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Schibsted Grotesk';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-display: optional;
  src: url(/assets/fonts/schibsted-400-500-600-700-800.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

/* ishankarunaratne.com
   One family, many weights. No mono labels, no section eyebrows, no equal-box grids.
   The page is meant to read as a letter followed by a record, not as a landing page. */

:root {
  /* Full palette. Deep saturated indigo carries the masthead and contact; a vivid
     vermilion is the action colour; a cool teal is the secondary mark. The document
     surface stays near-white so ten colourful screenshots have somewhere to sit. */
  --ink:      oklch(0.235 0.095 274);
  --ink-2:    oklch(0.34 0.085 274);
  --ink-soft: oklch(0.455 0.045 272);
  --paper:    oklch(0.985 0.004 270);
  --paper-2:  oklch(0.955 0.016 276);
  --body:     oklch(0.335 0.030 272);
  --on-dark:  oklch(0.905 0.022 275);
  --on-dark-soft: oklch(0.755 0.045 278);
  --signal:   oklch(0.54 0.200 32);
  --signal-lt:oklch(0.735 0.175 52);
  --teal:     oklch(0.60 0.115 205);
  --teal-lt:  oklch(0.80 0.115 200);
  --rule:     oklch(0.885 0.016 275);
  --rule-dk:  oklch(0.36 0.070 274);

  --measure: 66ch;
  --shell: 68rem;

  --t-sm:  clamp(0.875rem, 0.855rem + 0.1vw, 0.94rem);
  --t-0:   clamp(1.0625rem, 1.02rem + 0.22vw, 1.19rem);
  --t-1:   clamp(1.25rem, 1.17rem + 0.4vw, 1.5rem);
  --t-2:   clamp(1.55rem, 1.38rem + 0.85vw, 2.15rem);
  --t-3:   clamp(2rem, 1.6rem + 2vw, 3.1rem);
  --t-4:   clamp(2.9rem, 2.1rem + 3.9vw, 5.1rem);

  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--body);
  font-family: "Schibsted Grotesk", ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: var(--t-0);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
h1, h2, h3 { color: var(--ink); margin: 0; text-wrap: balance; letter-spacing: -0.022em; }
p { text-wrap: pretty; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 0.16em; text-decoration-thickness: from-font; }
a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--signal); }

.shell { width: min(100% - 2.5rem, var(--shell)); margin-inline: auto; }
@media (min-width: 48rem) { .shell { width: min(100% - 6rem, var(--shell)); } }

.skip { position: absolute; left: -9999px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem; }
.skip:focus { left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 10; }
:where(a, button):focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--signal); outline-offset: 3px; }

/* ---------- masthead ---------- */

.masthead {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--on-dark);
  padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 9vw, 7rem) clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6rem);
}
.masthead__grid { display: grid; gap: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.5rem); }
@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .masthead__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 15rem; align-items: start; }
}
.h1-break { display: block; }

.masthead h1 {
  color: var(--paper);
  font-size: var(--t-4);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.95;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.masthead__role {
  font-size: var(--t-1);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--on-dark-soft);
  margin: 0 0 1.8rem;
  max-width: 30ch;
}
.masthead__role em { font-style: normal; color: var(--teal-lt); font-weight: 500; }

.lede { font-size: var(--t-1); line-height: 1.55; max-width: 42ch; margin: 0; color: var(--on-dark); }
.lede strong { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 600; }
.lede a { color: var(--teal-lt); text-decoration-color: var(--teal-lt); }

.masthead__cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: center; margin: 2.4rem 0 0; }
.btn {
  display: inline-block; padding: 0.85rem 1.6rem;
  background: var(--signal-lt); color: oklch(0.18 0.03 50);
  font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--t-sm); text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.4s var(--ease);
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--teal-lt); color: oklch(0.16 0.04 210); }
.masthead__cta > a:not(.btn) { color: var(--on-dark); font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.masthead__cta > a:not(.btn):hover { color: var(--teal-lt); }

.masthead__portrait { max-width: 15rem; }
.masthead__portrait img { width: 100%; filter: grayscale(1) contrast(1.03) brightness(1.02); }
@media (min-width: 56rem) { .masthead__portrait { margin-top: 0.6rem; } }

/* ---------- the note: the human moment, deliberately not a grid ---------- */

.note {
  padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6.5rem);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.note p {
  font-size: var(--t-2);
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.014em;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 400;
  max-width: 26ch;
  margin: 0;
}
.note p + p { margin-top: 1.2rem; max-width: 46ch; font-size: var(--t-1); line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink-soft); letter-spacing: -0.008em; }
@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .note .shell { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem); align-items: start; }
  .note p + p { margin-top: 0.4rem; }
}

/* ---------- sections ---------- */

.sec { padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6.5rem); }
.sec + .sec { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.sec:nth-of-type(even) { background: var(--paper-2); }
.sec > .shell > h2 {
  font-size: var(--t-2); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.025em; margin-bottom: 2.6rem;
}

/* practice: hanging subheads, staggered widths, not a box grid */
.practice { display: grid; gap: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
@media (min-width: 56rem) { .practice { grid-template-columns: 14rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2.4rem clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem); } }
.practice h3 { font-size: var(--t-0); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.012em; }
.practice p { margin: 0.4rem 0 0; max-width: var(--measure); }
@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .practice h3 { grid-column: 1; text-align: right; padding-top: 0.1rem; color: var(--ink); }
  .practice p { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 2.2rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .practice > :nth-last-child(2), .practice > :last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
}

/* work: real screenshots carry this section */
.work { display: grid; gap: 3rem; }
@media (min-width: 56rem) { .work { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 3.5rem clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem); } }
@media (min-width: 68rem) { .work { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }

.work__shot {
  display: block;
  background: oklch(0.93 0.004 240);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  transition: border-color 0.4s var(--ease);
}
.work__shot img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: top center;
  transition: transform 0.7s var(--ease);
}
.work__shot:hover { border-color: var(--signal); }
.work__shot:hover img { transform: scale(1.018); }

.work h3 { font-size: var(--t-1); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.2rem; }
.work__note { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--t-sm); margin: 0 0 0.7rem; }
.work p:last-child { margin: 0; max-width: 52ch; }
.work a { text-decoration-color: var(--signal); }

@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .work__lead {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
    align-items: center;
    padding-bottom: 3.2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .work__lead .work__shot { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .work__lead h3 { font-size: var(--t-2); letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
  .work__lead p:last-child { max-width: 46ch; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .work__shot:hover img { transform: none; } }

/* track */
.track { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.track > li { padding: 1.5rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.track > li:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
@media (min-width: 52rem) {
  .track > li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 9.5rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem; }
}
.track__when { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--t-sm); margin: 0; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.track h3 { font-size: var(--t-0); font-weight: 700; margin: 0; }
.track__where { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0.1rem 0 0.5rem; font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.track > li > div > p:last-child { margin: 0; max-width: var(--measure); }
.track__mark h3 { color: var(--signal); }

/* stack: plain definition pairs, no colored labels */
.stack { display: grid; gap: 1.5rem 3rem; margin: 0; }
@media (min-width: 46rem) { .stack { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(16rem, 1fr)); } }
.stack dt { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.stack dd { margin: 0.15rem 0 0; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* credentials */
.creds { margin: 0; display: grid; }
@media (min-width: 46rem) { .creds { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); column-gap: 4rem; } }
.creds > div { padding: 0.95rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.creds > div:first-child, .creds > div:nth-child(2) { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
@media (max-width: 45.99rem) { .creds > div:nth-child(2) { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 0.95rem; } }
.creds dt { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.creds dd { margin: 0; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* questions: prose, two columns, not three equal cards */
.faq { display: grid; gap: 2.4rem; }
@media (min-width: 52rem) { .faq { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 2.6rem 4rem; } }
.faq h3 { font-size: var(--t-0); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.35rem; }
.faq p { margin: 0; max-width: 54ch; }

/* contact */
.contact { background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6rem); }
.contact h2 { color: var(--paper); font-size: var(--t-2); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.contact__lede { font-size: var(--t-1); max-width: 44ch; margin: 0 0 2.4rem; color: var(--on-dark); }
.contact__mail { margin: 0 0 2.4rem; }
.contact__mail a { font-size: var(--t-2); font-weight: 700; color: var(--signal-lt); letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
.contact__mail a:hover { color: var(--teal-lt); }
.contact__links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem 1.75rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.contact__links a { color: var(--on-dark-soft); font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.contact__links a:hover { color: var(--teal-lt); }

.foot { padding-block: 2rem; }
.foot .shell { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.4rem 2rem; justify-content: space-between; }
.foot p { margin: 0; font-size: var(--t-sm); color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* latest writing: refreshed daily from the techearl sitemap */
.writing { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.writing li { padding: 1.1rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.writing li:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.writing a { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); text-decoration-color: var(--signal); }
.writing span { display: block; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--t-sm); margin-top: 0.15rem; max-width: 68ch; }
.writing time { display: block; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--t-sm); margin-top: 0.3rem; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
@media (min-width: 52rem) {
  .writing li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 9rem; gap: 0 2rem; }
  .writing time { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 2; margin-top: 0.15rem; text-align: right; }
}

/* ---------- motion: hidden state set by JS only, never CSS alone ---------- */

.reveal {
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px);
  transition: opacity 0.65s var(--ease), transform 0.65s var(--ease);
  transition-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 45ms);
}
.reveal.in { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; }
  .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

/* ---------- primary nav ---------- */
.nav { background: var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-dk); }
.nav .shell { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem 2rem; align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between; padding-block: 0.9rem; }
.nav__brand { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-decoration: none; font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.nav__brand:hover { color: var(--teal-lt); }
.nav__list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.35rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.nav__list a { color: var(--on-dark-soft); text-decoration: none; font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.nav__list a:hover { color: var(--teal-lt); }
.nav__list a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------- inner page head ---------- */
.pagehead { background: var(--ink); color: var(--on-dark); padding-block: clamp(2.5rem,6vw,4.5rem); }
.pagehead h1 { color: var(--paper); font-size: var(--t-3); font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -0.03em; margin-bottom: 0.9rem; }
/* ---------- section teasers on the home page ---------- */
.cards { display: grid; gap: 1.25rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
@media (min-width: 42rem) { .cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); } }
.card { border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--paper-2); padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem; }
.card h3 { font-size: var(--t-1); font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 0.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.card h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.card h3 a:hover { color: var(--signal); }
.card p { margin: 0; font-size: var(--t-sm); color: var(--body); }

/* ---------- closing contact block (replaces the four-card teaser grid) ---------- */
.closer { max-width: 56ch; font-size: var(--t-1); line-height: 1.55; margin: 0 0 2rem; }
.closer__cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem; margin: 0; }
.closer__alt { font-size: var(--t-sm); color: var(--ink-soft); }
.closer__alt:hover { color: var(--signal); }

/* ---------- child-page header ---------- */
/* Two columns on desktop: the claim on the left, a short factual rail on the
   right. The rail exists because the band was two-thirds empty; it carries real
   per-page facts rather than decoration, and it stays small on purpose so it
   never reads as a stats hero. */
.pagehead__grid { display: grid; gap: 2.25rem; }
@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .pagehead__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 4rem; align-items: end; }
}
.pagehead__main { min-width: 0; }
.pagehead__deck {
  font-size: var(--t-1); color: var(--on-dark); max-width: 46ch;
  margin: 1rem 0 0; line-height: 1.55; text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Breadcrumb: a real nav + ol. Separators are generated, so they are never
   read out or copied with the text. */
.crumbs { margin: 0 0 1.6rem; }
.crumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.crumbs li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; font-size: var(--t-sm); }
.crumbs li + li::before {
  content: ""; width: 0.375rem; height: 0.375rem; flex: none;
  border-top: 1.5px solid var(--on-dark-soft); border-right: 1.5px solid var(--on-dark-soft);
  transform: rotate(45deg); opacity: 0.55;
}
.crumbs a { color: var(--on-dark-soft); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: color 0.25s var(--ease), border-color 0.25s var(--ease); }
.crumbs a:hover { color: var(--signal-lt); border-bottom-color: var(--signal-lt); }
.crumbs [aria-current="page"] { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 600; }

/* Factual rail. Modest by design: labels quiet, values normal weight, no
   oversized numerals. */
.metarail { margin: 0; display: grid; gap: 1.1rem; align-content: end; }
@media (min-width: 56rem) { .metarail { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); padding-left: 2.5rem; min-width: 15rem; } }
.metarail__row { display: grid; gap: 0.2rem; }
.metarail dt { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--on-dark-soft); letter-spacing: 0.01em; }
.metarail dd { margin: 0; font-size: var(--t-sm); color: var(--paper); font-weight: 600; }